The Maestro

Devarajan Master -
A Snapshot

Name: Paravoor Govindan Devarajan (Paravur G. Devarajan)

Date of Birth: September 27, 1927

Father: Sangeetha Vidwan Paravoor Kochugovindan Asan

Mother: Kochukunju

Siblings: Raveendran, Gomathi

Immediate Family: He married Sri. Perunna Leelamani on December 1, 1963, at the Saradamadom Temple in Kollam, and they were blessed soon after with one daughter, Sharmila, and one son, Rajananda.

Education: Devarajan Master went to Kottapuram High School, and got his ESLC from Sreemolavilasam High School in Trivandrum. He then did his intermediate at University College, Trivandrum, and did his BA in Economics from MG College, Trivandrum, graduating in First Class from both.

Devarajan, from a young age, was profoundly influenced by the lullabies of his mother, the songs of Naushad, which he used to listen at a theatre in his neighbourhood at Paravur in Kollam, and the rich Carnatic and folk music tradition. A born rebel, Devarajan had clear perceptions about life and decided that all his creative and professional endeavours would be dedicated to the creation of an indigenous music that reflected the hopes and aspirations of the poor and deprived social classes. Under the name of Paravur Devarajan or Paravur G. Devaraj, he started his illustrious career in music as a classical singer and performed his first classical concert at the age of 17 and started to perform more concerts on AIR Tiruchi and Trivandrum. He performed a number of classical concerts from 1947 to 1967 with multiple accompanists, his usual ones being Chalakudy Narayanaswamy and Mavelikara Krishnankutty Nair. At the end of his classical concerts, he used to set tunes to the poems of Ulloor Parameswaran Iyer, Kumaranasan, Changampuzha, G. Kumarapilla, O. N.
V. Kurup, and P. Bhaskaran, amongst many others. While starting his career as a Carnatic vocalist, Devarajan made a bold effort to liberate Carnatic music from the clutches of a few and make it palatable to the masses without diluting its standards, and he did so through these trendsetting poems.

He was soon attracted to the Communist movement of the 50s and decided to dedicate his creative energy to popular music. He joined the once-famous drama troupe of Kerala, the Kerala People’s Arts Club (KPAC). Ponnarivaal ambiliyil kanneriyunnoole”, written by his friend O.N. V. Kurup and composed and sung by himself, brought him to prominence and limelight in the Kerala music scene.He initially started by singing this poem at his classical concerts, and then it evolved into timeless composition on-stage. Through his innumerable compositions, Devarajan would cast an indelible imprint in the Malayali theatre arena and became a household name thereafter. Establishing himself as a prolific composer and musician in the Indian music arena, Devarajan expressed the hopes and joys of the Malayali population through his oeuvre with not only ease, but simultaneous elegance. He was arguably one of the first composers across Indian Film Music to capture the subtle nuances and shades of different emotions associated with a tune or a composition on the basis of its lyrical text. If ‘Vaarthingal Thoniyerie’ (Karuna) and ‘Chakravarthini’ (Chembarathi) capture the mood of love, ‘Venna Tholkum Udalode’, ‘Mandhasameeranil’, ‘Praana Nathan Ennikku Nalkiya’ and ‘Thanka Thalikayil’ are more lustful in nature. His sheer versatility began to show as he scored more films, doing everything from “Polthinkal Kala” and “Nadabrahmathin” to “Pappi Appacha” and “Ulaasapoothirikal”. Devarajan created a unique structure to Malayalam film songs.

He was a master craftsman. Simplicity and spontaneity are often hailed as the hallmarks of his craftsmanship. In his rich ‘repertoire’ Devarajan held these qualities in abundance. ‘Priyathama, Priyathama’ or ‘Ujjayineeyile Gaayika’ demonstrate the great economy that Devarajan exercised in his orchestration. Only those instruments that are essential for enhancing the atmosphere are used and Devarajan kept his craft simple and elegant. Like his life and music, Devarajan’s thoughts were pristine and well-marshalled. Precision was his trademark. Braving ill-heatlh and old age, he adamantly fought and established royalties for his industry colleagues, creating an awareness of the scope of the Copyright Act. Many musicians in the industry were brought up through Devarajan’s help and assistance at each turning point. Devarajan master, in his twilight years, had been engrossed in writing and composing `Shadkala Pallavis’ for some years now. Some of them were presented at a function held in Ernakulam to mark his 75 birthday celebrations. But a more elaborate presentation remained a dream. Yet another unfulfilled desire was to develop KPAC as a university of fine arts. The maestro may have passed away 17 years ago, but he continues live in the hearts of millions who cherish his songs.

Kerala State Film Awards:

1969

Best Music Director – Kumarasambhavam, Kadalpalam

1970

Best Music Director – Thriveni

1972

Best Music Director – Chembarathi, various films

1985

Best Music Director – Chidambaram

1991

Best Background Music –  Yamanam

1999

J. C. Daniel Award – Government of Kerala

Kerala Film Critics Association Awards

1977

Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Music Director

1978

Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Music Director

1979

Kerala Film Critics Association Award for Best Music Director

Others

1975

Peshum Padam Award (Tamil Magazine) for Swami Ayyappan

1980

Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Akademi Fellowship

2005

Pattathuvila Karunakaran Memorial Award

Prem Nazir Award
Varkala TA Majeed Award

Malayalam Film Festival

1972

Best Music Director (Anubhavangal Palichakal)

Musicians in Devarajan Master’s Orchestra

This is a collective, compiled list of those who have played for Devarajan Master in his film scores, both sporadically and regularly.

*This is not a complete list. There are still more names to be added to the list and the names mentioned below are lead instrument players, listed in alphabetical order by instrument.

Mridangam

Mavelikkara Krishnankutty Nair, Mavelikkara Velukutty Nair, Guruvayur Dorai, T.V. Gopalakrishnan, K.V. Prasad, Madurai T. Srinivasan, Nanjil Arul, Vaikom Devarajan,

Ghatam

Vikku Vinayakram, Udupi Sridhar

Sarangi

Ustad Abdul Quadar Khan

Saxophone

Pudukottai Joe

Morsingh

R. Raman

Tabla

P.S. Lakshmanan, Prasad, P.S. Dhruvan, Parthasarathy, Aboobacker, Kozhikode Sivadas, Tulasidas, Baburao, Raghu Kumar, Balan, Michael, Jerson, Jr. Prasad,
Manohar Keskar , Ganeshan

Tabla Tarang

N.V. Moorthy

Flute

K. Sanjeevi, Hari, Guna Singh, Nanjappa, Sunny, N. Ramani, Prapancham Seetharam, Hariprasad Chaurasia
(Inneniku Potukkuthan), P.R. Murali, Suresh Kumar, Vinod (Pranayathinte Devaragangal), Krishnakumar,
Sasi Kumar, S. Balakrishnan, V.C. George

Santoor

Vidyasagar, Lokesh, M.S. Raju, R. Visweswaran

Accordion

Johnson Master, K.J. Joy, Patrick Alexander Rosario, Mangala Moorthy

Guitar

Ilayaraja, Gangai Amaran, Ilango, Rajamani,
Sada Sudarsanam, Jeeva, Gurunaath, Abu Gabriel,
Adam Gabriel, Chitty Prakash, Joseph, Jayasekhar, Charlie, Rajan. Jerson Antony, Rudy Pinto, Chandrasekhar,
Suresh Balram, Randolph David, Royston, Radha Vijayan

Keyboard

AR Rahman, PD Francis, Ilayaraja, Raveendranath,
Biju Paulose, Albert Vijayan, Murali, Peter, Trevor Fernandes,
Joseph Krishna, Ben Surender, Chandrasekhar, Jaipal,
Das Daniel

Shehnai

S Ballesh, Satyam, Subhan Saheb,
Ustad Ali Ahmed Hussain, Ganesh

Clarinet

Subhan Saheb

Oboe

Rupert Taylor

Dilruba/Tar-Shehnai

AP Shanmugham, Shanmugham (2),
Saroja Shanmugham, Bharathi Shanmugham

Sitar

Pandit Janardhan Mitta, Shri. Krishna Kumar, Job,
Juna Seth, Sitar Ganesh, Krishna, Leela Sivaraman, Arjun, Subramanian, Usted Ahmed Hussain Khan,
Jairam Acharya

Vibraphone

Vidyasagar, Jeevan, Sadanandam, U. Ramachander,
Seetharam Kumar, Mangala Moorthy, Chitty Prakash, Deekshit, Kakinada Devadas

Nadaswaram

Namagiripettai Krishnan, Palani, Vasudevan,
Ambalapuzha Brothers

Veena

Chitti Babu, R.Parthasarathy, Trivandrum Venkatraman, Soundararajan, V. Raghavan, Bharathi (Veena)

Harmonium

R.K. Shekar

Mohan Veena

Poly Varghese

Rhythm

Singaram, Jaychaa Singaram, Kalyanam, Tape Bala

Chenda

Balan, Narayanan, Krishna Poduval

Edakka

Sridhar, Tripunithura Krishnadas

Sarod

K. Sridhar, T.G. Lingappa, T.G. Venkatesh

Clarinet

Ganesan, Varadarajan

Mandolin

Vairam, M.S. Raju, Thyagu, Sreenu, S.P. Venkatesh

Kanoon

Cheenu (Sreenu)

Chorus

C.O. Anto, Lathika, Padmaja, Latha, Malathi, Radha,
Dr. Kalyan, L.V. Krishna, Rukmini, Kausalya, Soli,
Guruvayur Rajam

Drums

Sivamani, Tony Decosta, Dr. Prathap, Baburao, Babu,
Gee Singh

Violin

L. Subramaniam, L.Shankar, L. Vaidyanathan,
VS Narasimhan, Rex Isaac, Kozhikode Mani, Violin Kalyan, Prabhakar (Conductor as well), Sebastian, Ramasubbu, M.S. Gopalakrishnan, T.N. Krishnan, Gundumani,
T.S. Narayana Rao, Rangarajan, Francis, “Chinna” Francis,
Sambath, M. Joseph, Job Kuruvila, Girijan, Jobby, Chacko, Jose Kutty, Adoor Joy, Vinod, Jacob, Ramachandran, Kozhikode Sukumaran, Leslie Peter, B.A. Chidambaranath, Harry Rose, J.P. Raghu, Anto, Patrick, Shyam, B. Sasikumar, Hari, Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan, Jerry Fernandes,
Cyril Fernandes, Oussepachan, Johnson, G.K. Rajamani, Suresh (violin), Jose Tripunithura, Rathnam, Krishnamoorthy, Bala, TG Krishnamurthy, Anthony, Chacko, Gerald, Atlee D’Cunha, Nagaraj, Jayaram, Paramanandam, Vittobah, Gaja, Rony David, Rudy David, Judy David, Balaji, Mohan Sithara, Murali Sithara, Chidambaram, Swaminathan Samuel Varghese

Cello

Pereira, John, Biswas, Cello Sekar, Heady, Somnath Sett, Vincent, Surender

Assistants / Conductors

R.K. Shekhar, M.K. Arjunan Master, Johnson Master, Ilayaraja, Prabhakar, Sebastian, M. Jayachandran,
Poly Varghese

Unique/Unheard Musical Outputs

If you are from the Indian subcontinent, it is inevitable that you have heard at least a couple of compositions by Devarajan Master. However, this section is dedicated to curating and appreciating those creations in the maestro’s own voice. These are clips taken from old cassettes used by Devarajan Master in his private, composing sessions.

Shaktigadha Choir

After MB Sreenivasan’s Madras Youth Choir, Devarajan master became the 2nd composer in South India to start a choir which was called the Shaktigadha Choir. He conducted numerous auditions across Kerala in several universities and picked a group of highly talented 20-30 teenagers to sing in his choir. His choir music, just like his film compositions, consists of a huge repertoire from that of Carnatic kritis to Devotional/Philosophical Songs to Devarajan master’s own songs. Master speaks more about Shakthigadha Choir here and his intention behind it.

General Statistics

Ragas

0

Films

0

Songs

0

Non-Film Albums

0

Documentaries

0

Total of Films: 343 Malayalam, 12 Tamil, 3 Telugu, 1 Kannada (Most in Malayalam)

Film Songs + Non-Film Compositions : 2221 along with 150+ Shadkala Pallavis

Most of Songs w/ One Singer : K.J. Yesudas – with more than 650 songs 

Singers Used: 125 +

Most Films in a Single Year in Malayalam: 31 Films (1977)